1. Introduction
The purpose of this paper is to establish acceptance criteria for
interpretation of the inspection results of undersea pipelines using
an internal inspection. Acceptable criteria were established with a case
study of a 609.6 mm (24 in.) diameter, concrete weight coated pipeline
delivers fuel oil from SPM terminal to the Takoradi thermal power plant,
Ghana. The VRA has decided to undertake a pipeline internal inspection.
Rontgen Technische Dienst (RTD) will use a special pig to determine
out-ofroundness (OOR), presence of dents, reduction in wall thickness, and
the xyzcoordinates along the length of the pipeline.
2. Relevant pipeline condition
Several relevant factors relating to the existing pipeline must be
considered prior to establishing the acceptance criteria for the fuel
oil pipeline. Each factor is summarized subsequently.
2.1. Pipeline design parameters
The pipeline was designed to conform to provisions of the codes and
standards (API, 1993; ASME, 1992; DNV, 1981).
2.2. Site conditions
Environmental conditions at site include a swell ranging up to 1.5 m in
height present most of the time. Water depths range from 0 at shore to
approximately 19 m at the SPM terminal. A long shore current carries
sediment generally in a west to east direction. The pipeline has partially
or fully self-buried, either by settlement or by sediment transport, or by
a combination of both, over much of its length. Stability enhancing
concrete block sets will be installed at selected defined locations
alongside the pipeline.
2.3. Pipe characteristics
The pipe characteristics and physical properties are included in Table 1.
2.4. Installation
The fuel oil pipeline supplying the power plant near Takoradi, Ghana, was
installed in 1997. The first 700 m of pipe were installed by the bottom
pull method. Due to installation contractor equipment problems and
self-burial of the pipe in the nearshore area, the remaining 3.8 km of
pipe was installed by a lay barge. The prefabricated pipe strings stored
on the beach were cut into 12-m lengths and transported to the lay barge.
A flange connection was made to the end of the 700-m section. Following
installation and prior to oil delivery use, in late 1997, the pipeline was
successfully hydrostatic tested. Hydrostatic test was undertaken at 18.9
barg (273 psig). The SPM was installed and connected to the PLEM at the
offshore end of the pipeline.
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